I took this photo in a park that I often go to. Can you spot anything unusual? Take a few seconds to look carefully.
Did you spot the lighted lamps? Lighted lamps in broad daylight!
When we pause, we see things we would have otherwise missed.
Now, let’s look at the benefits of pausing when speaking.
Pausing gives you control
When we speak, we sometimes speak fast. This creates problems.
Our mouth may move faster than our mind. We may not have time to clearly formulate our thoughts. We may end up stuck at a ‘dead end’. We may forget to give a relevant example that could support our argument.
Instead of speaking at the speed of a Formula One racecar, do this: pause. It acts like a speed breaker on the road. It gives you time to think what you are going to say. It helps you organise your thoughts.
Pausing improves your language. When you speak quickly, you may not choose the right words to express what you want to say. Pause. Give your mind the space to search for that right word or exact phrase.
When we speak we may mispronounce a complicated or unfamiliar word. Pause. Give your mind an extra few seconds to prepare your voice to pronounce the word correctly.
Pausing lets you connect with the audience. When speaking, don’t be wrapped up in what you have to say. Don’t be glued to the slides.
Pause. Look around. Read the room. Do you see more interest for the second option? Are there some perplexed faces after you spoke about the action plan? You may wish to respond to what you have noticed.
Pausing helps your audience
Your audience needs time to absorb information. By pausing you give people an opportunity to reflect on what you have just said.
Pausing also allows your audience to prepare their minds for what is next.
You have something important to say. Make sure your audience follows what you are saying. Make sure they remember what you have just said.
Pause. Pause. Pause.
When do I pause?
Think in terms of thought groups. Thought groups are groups of words that carry a single unit of meaning. Here’s an example.
Say these two sentences without any pausing:
We need to start the social media campaign by November. The research shows that our target audience is mostly on Instagram.
Let’s identify the thought groups–
Thought group 1: We need to start the social media campaign
Thought group 2: by November.
Thought group 3: The research shows that
Thought group 4: our target audience is mostly on Instagram.
Say these two sentences again. But this time, pause after each thought group.
We need to start the social media campaign /pause/ by November. /pause/ The research shows that /pause/ our target audience is mostly on Instagram.
Can you feel the difference? Did you have more control while speaking?
Pausing is powerful.
Rules of thumb for pausing
Take very short pauses between word groups. The same goes for punctuation marks such as commas and semicolons.
After a full stop, pause for one to two seconds.
Pause before and after saying an important word or phrase. Two to three seconds should be sufficient.
If you have something dramatic to say, go for the dramatic pause. This could be a bit longer, say three to four seconds. When watching the Oscars ceremony, notice the dramatic pause. ‘The Oscar goes to….’
What we have covered are rules of thumb. Practice and find out how long your pauses should be.
Make sure to use pausing in your next presentation
Do you have an important presentation or speech coming up? Follow these steps to use pausing effectively.
Write down your presentation or speech.
Identify all thought groups.
Make a slash (/) after each thought group. You will be making very short pauses here.
Identify your main words or phrases. Before and after these key words or phrases, make two slashes: //. You will be making longer pauses here.
Next, record yourself reading the text. Be sure to pause at the right places.
Listen to your recording. How was it? Were your pauses too long? Too short? Perhaps, you could ask a friend to listen and give feedback.
Then try it again. After practicing a few times, you’ll start noticing something. Pausing starts feeling natural. You’ll be putting in less conscious effort.
Your future as a presenter
Imagine this: after a few presentations, you’ll be pausing naturally. You’re rate of speech will be just right–with the pauses acting as speed breakers. You will automatically identify thought groups. You will naturally pause before an important word or concept.
And your audience will be engaged. They will follow your line of thought as you move from one section of your presentation to the next. They will absorb your key points.
If during your presentation, a tricky question is asked, you respond by saying: “That’s an interesting point.” Then, you pause before saying anything else. By pausing, you give your mind time to consider the question and respond in a controlled, effective manner.
Does the scenario which I have painted sound appealing to you?
It’s absolutely possible.
And it starts with a pause.
Have you ever thought about how to use space when writing? Read this article on paragraphs and space.
Students frequently ask me which website they can visit to learn English.
Of course, there are so many out there. In my experience as a trainer, the best one is BBC Learning English. Their material is relevant and engaging.
This is a disclaimer: BBC is not paying me. I’m writing this post so that you could get the most out of the website.
Wait!
Before you google BBC Learning English, let me give you an overview.
The website has a lot to offer. Let’s start:
Vocabulary
The more words you know, the more precisely you can express yourself. When a person has a limited vocabulary, he tends to repeat words and phrases.
Whatever our English levels may be, we all need to expand our range of vocabulary.
It takes time to learn new words. My suggestion to you is this: go slow. Don’t just learn the meaning of words. Practice using them. Become familiar with them. Use them correctly.
I’ve noticed that students at times struggle with phrasal verbs. Do you freak out when you hear the phrase phrasal verbs? Help is at hand. Here’s the definition. If you are working, then you need phrasal verbs, for well, for work. And we all need phrasal verbs for technology.
Vocabulary is not limited to learning phrasal verbs. You also need to learn more words and phrases.
Remember, it’s not just about learning new phrases. It’s about using new phrases appropriately. I suggest you select phrases you like and try to use them during the week. Over time, you will be on fire!
Grammar
Are you comfortable with all the tenses that are there? You can confide in me. Be honest.
If you like the idea of learning grammar by watching The Grammar Gameshow , go for it.
There is so much more when it comes to grammar. I know, it seems endless. Visit the main grammar page to find out more.
Pronunciation
Whatever your accent may be, that’s okay. What’s important is that you speak clearly and fluently.
The sounds of English are the building blocks of words. Are you keen to learn these sounds? Do you want to know the difference between voiced and voiceless consonants? You are at the right place.
Check out The Sounds of English on the pronunciation main page. I watched those short videos years ago, and I found them helpful. I hope you do too.
Tim’s Pronunciation Workshop is an effective way to learn about different aspects of pronunciation, such as elisionand assimilation. Not familiar with those last two words? No worries. You’re probably doing some it already, in a natural way.
It’s more fun learning pronunciation than it is learning grammar. Do you agree?
Is there anything ‘more’ to do on the website?
On the right hand side of the menu bar, there is an option: More. Click on it with confidence. Don’t hesitate.
I have noticed that students often do not know their level. Do you know yours? Are you at the intermediate level? Upper-intermediate? Advanced?
Here’s the thing. Many students are generous when it comes to deciding which level they are at.
I’ve seen this happen lots of times: a person who is at the intermediate level believes that he is an upper-intermediate student! And the same goes for other levels as well. Many students are bumping themselves up a level.
I’m not a 100% convinced when it comes to online level tests. Having said that, try the level test at BBC learning English. See what you get.
If you enjoy listening to podcasts, try this out. You can listen while travelling.
You can build your vocabulary by using more collocations. Collocations? I hear you ask. Now, what are they?
Collocations are words that naturally appear together. Like old friends from school days, they are comfortable in each other’s company. They enjoy spending time together.
By using collocations, your language becomes richer.
Let’s look at some collocations for make.
Collocations with ‘make’
You wake up at 6:00 o’clock in the morning and immediately make your bed. You turn on the radio and make breakfast. Careful! The milk is boiling. Don’t make a mess.
You receive a text from your best friend from college. Can you make it for the reunion next month? Oh no. You’ve just made a plan with the family.
How many collocations with make so far? Four. Or maybe five. Can you make a guess?
It’s your first day as vice-president and you want to make a good impression. There’s an important meeting happening downtown. You’ve made the arrangements to get there well in time.
At the meeting, you’re client makes some good points. You make some notes. You think to yourself: why isn’t our sales team making more of an effort?
You then make a suggestion. You say, ‘Why don’t we share the research data with you? We normally don’t share it with our clients. But, in your case, we could make an exception.’
Your manager looks at you with stars in his eyes. As you both walk down the stairs, he whispers, ‘We are going to make so much money!’
After lunch, there is a sharp pain in your mouth. Ouch! You can’t ignore the pain anymore. You need to make an appointment right now. Time to visit the dentist.
It’s 10:00 o’clock at night. You are at home. Your family is fast asleep. You look out the window and see the inky black sky. You make believe there is a shooting star streaking above the dark clouds. You make a wish.
Phew! All those collocations make my head spin.
Collocations with ‘risk’
Now, let’s look at business English. How many collocations are there with the word ‘risk’? There are more than you can imagine: Considerable risk. Low risk. Negligible risk. Increased risk. Reduced risk.
And then there is: take a risk; pose a risk; accept a risk; manage a risk; minimize a risk; assess risk; measure risk; and balance risk.
Wait… there’s more: credit risk; political risk; environmental risk; safety risk; and security risk.
How many of these collocations of risk have you used? What can you use in future?
At the risk of overloading you with collocations, let’s briefly look at a word I’m sure you use: budget.
Collocations with ‘budget’
Some collocations with budget are:
prepare a budget
plan a budget
approve a budget
propose a budget
balance the budget
exceed the budget
stick to the budget
Now, we need to budget our time. So, I’ll stop here.
Takeaway
Before you click away, remember this–collocations help us to express ourselves with precision and flexibility. And they widen our range of vocabulary.
Select a collocation that you haven’t used before from the lists above. Use it by the end of tomorrow. By doing so, you will have expanded your vocabulary without much effort.
You carry many identities within you. Area sales manager. CEO. Chef. Head of accounts. Homemaker. Entrepreneur. YouTuber. Parent. Part-time painter. Professional dancer. Gardener. Baker. Foodie. The list goes on.
To improve your communication skills, there is an identity that you must embrace: the identity of a student. Yes, you read that right. Look in the mirror. There is a student gazing at you. Just because you’ve left college, that doesn’t mean you have to stop learning.
Where is your classroom? Your classroom is your office. It’s your laptop at home. It’s the unopened newspaper on the table. It’s that Netflix series you are binging on. It’s your favorite business website. It’s the device you are using right now to read this post.
Who is your teacher? You have many. Your clients who send you emails are your teachers. So are the Tedx speakers who inhabit YouTube. So are the ads you see on billboards. In short, your teachers are everywhere. The question is, are you open to being taught?
When I conduct corporate training sessions, what strikes me is the limited range of people’s vocabulary. They are fluent in the jargon of their field. They have good domain expertise. But, when they need to express their views on unfamiliar topics, they are at a loss for words. They are often stumped when they are asked to talk about social issues, culture, and the environment.
The higher up the corporate ladder you climb, the greater will be the demands on your communication skills. As you progress up the ranks, there will be times when you need to present to a wider, more diverse, audience. There will be times when you need to explain complex systems to people from outside your sector. There will be times when you need to be diplomatic to not offend investors or clients. There will be times when you need to speak about broader issues such as employment, climate change, and ethics. For all those times, you would need to speak fluently, effectively, and confidently. To do so, you would need to have a wide range of vocabulary that you could immediately access.
Build your vocabulary
How can you enrich your vocabulary? Be more aware of the words and phrases around you. If you have a client who communicates effectively, find out why. When she writes emails, what phrases does she use? Could you use those same phrases when you write emails?
To learn in a more structured manner, visit BBC Learning English . There will be some words you are familiar with. But, there will be many words that you are not. Be open. Read the definitions for expressions you do not know. And check the ones you think you know. You may not know the precise meaning of a familiar word or phrase. You may be in for a surprise.
Do not use ‘fancy’ words to show off. Use words appropriately. Use the right word at the right time in the right context. Usually, simple words are sufficient. Remember, it’s not just what you say that matters, but also how you say it that matters too.
Listen for phrases you can use
When you watch a panel discussion, how do the panelists interact? Good speakers weave a narrative by referring to what was said before. They are not making isolated statements, but are interacting with one another, creating a coherent, meaningful conversation. Pay attention to the phrases that are used to refer to what was said before. For example, ‘I would like to build on what X just said.’ Or: ‘I partially agree with you, however…’ Could you use such phrases in your next zoom meeting?
Improve your pronunciation
Pronouncing words is a tricky affair. A problem with pronunciation is that when everyone around you is pronouncing a word incorrectly, you do not question that way of pronunciation. How can you escape this invisible loop? Doubt yourself. Personally, I have been often surprised when I checked words I thought I knew how to pronounce. I wish you many such moments. Cambridge dictionary is my go to dictionary.
The magic of awareness
Do you know what is essential for improving your communication skills? Awareness is the key that unlocks the door to better communication skills. Only you can open it.
Be aware of the spoken and written language around you. Be curious about a new word, phrase, or expression. Google it. Think about it. Absorb it. Notice if you come across it again. Decide if it would work for you. If it does, use it. If it doesn’t, no worries. Let it go. Whatever happens, you are expanding your language horizon.
Despite your busy schedule, you’ve read till the end. Bravo! Now, I have a gift for you. It is something that will last forever. That gift is: awareness.
Listening is an overlooked skill. Did you know that it can change your life?
Imagine an alien appears before you. This alien says that it will reveal the secret of how the universe works. It says that E=mc2 is wrong. It then proceeds to tell you a set of seven mind-boggling equations that explain how everything works, including quantum mechanics.
Now, if I were the one listening, I would be completely lost. I do not have a background in physics. That alien is wasting its time talking to me.
See how important listening is? Listening is not just about hearing sounds and words.
Listening is about having the intellectual capability to understand meaning, the framework to interpret concepts, and the background knowledge to critically evaluate what is being said.
Wow!
That’s a lot for a language skill that most people do not even think about.
Everyone wants to speak eloquently. Everyone wants to write effectively. But, to listen well?
‘My New Year resolution is to become a really good listener.’ Have you ever heard anyone say that? I haven’t….
In the classroom, active listening helps students. It means that they are paying attention. They are present. Here and now. Their minds are engaging with the subject. Even if some students don’t understand everything, that’s okay. The act of trying to understand will support their learning. When they revise their notes, they’ll be in a better position to understand.
If you are in the workplace, you must listen. Listening is a core leadership skill. It shows that you care. Employees often say, what’s the point in giving feedback? Management just doesn’t listen.
When I conducted corporate training sessions, I soon realised that the quality of listening was a key factor in determining how impactful the sessions were going to be.
Did the managers listen to what employees had to say about the kind of training that was needed? Did the managers even ask?
Did the employees listen to the management about the need for a certain type of training? Did the managers give reasons why the training was important?
Did the training company truly listen to what the client wanted? Or did the training company just superficially listen and present the standard material?
Listening is a two-way street. Or in this case, a three-way street.
And yes, speaking and listening are interdependent, each supporting the other. When both are done effectively, we have a meaningful conversation. Things get done.
When listening, do so without preconceived notions. If you listen with prejudice, you are not really listening. At best, you are partially listening. And you are making conclusions that may not be valid.
Think about a time when a project did not go according to plan. Would better listening have helped? Most probably, yes.
Listening gives you deep insight into the shifting landscape that your business operates in. What worked three years ago may not work now. Are you aware of changing customer expectations? Are you aware of the latest technical developments in your field? How about the competition? Are you listening to what people are saying about them?
Are you in an echo chamber?
Are you only listening to people just like you? If so, then you may be in for a rude shock. If not today, then tomorrow.
Only the paranoid survive.
This is a quote from Andy Grove, former CEO of Intel. If you agree with that statement, you’ll also agree that the paranoid need to have exceptional listening skills.
Listen to other people. The person could be a grizzled industry veteran with twenty-five years of experience. Or a nervous intern on her first day in the job. Listen 360 degrees.
Listen to yourself.
When you truly listen to yourself, you’ll begin to doubt yourself. (Fear not: this is a good thing.)
Are you ignoring an important piece of the puzzle? Are you missing the big picture? Only the paranoid survive.
After you finish reading this post, someone will say something to you. It may be important. It may not be. Whatever it is, be an active listener.
This interview talks about pronunciation. Is it important to have an American or British accent? And how can we improve our pronunciation?
In this interview, we look at pronunciation. Many people want to speak with an American or British accent. But, is that really necessary when speaking English?
Imagine this. Your colleague has made a negative comment about your performance at work. The comment is blatantly false. You know it. And so does he.
The question is how do you respond. This is where the use of voice comes in.
Let’s talk about tone when it comes to speaking. Tone includes pitch, intonation, volume, and pace. We’ll briefly look at each one.
Pitch. This is how high or low you go. It is the frequency of vibrations in your vocal cords. When we get agitated, our pitch gets higher.
Intonation is the variation in pitch. A constantly rising intonation for every sentence means you are losing control of your voice. When you are calm and making statements, your intonation should go down. (Think of it as an arrow moving downwards to the full stop of this sentence.)
However, when you are flustered, that arrow points upwards:
How dare you! I will prove it. I never said that.
Note that the in each of these sentences the intonation goes up. Those arrows are hurtling upwards.
Volume: the loudness or softness of your voice. Look at those two monkeys in red ties. You can almost hear them shouting. High volume. Not good for health.
DoyouknowwhatIamgoingtodo? This is our pace when we are flustered. It is as fast as a bullet train. When we are in control of our emotions, our pace is slower.
What would the state of mind be for our monkeys? Mad. Perhaps disoriented.Exasperated. What words would they be using? Yes, emotionally-charged words. And the range of vocabulary may be limited. They would not be able to recollect or use more sophisticated, nuanced words or terms.
Let’s wave a magic wand and make the monkeys more zen like — a different state of mind. Although there is still conflict at office, now their tone of speech is different.
The pitch is lower. Their intonation varies. It does not have to be stable. That would be monotonous. But, it is not shooting up all the time.
The volume dial is somewhere mid-way between loud and soft.
The rate of speech is more controlled. It is more like a regular commuter train. Speeding up, and then slowing down as it reaches the next station.
There may be noticeable pauses as the monkeys mull over a point. Thinking before speaking. Always a good thing.
Guess what is happening? The words the monkeys use have changed. The range of vocabulary is wider. There is a greater variety of words being used. There is more precision in word choice. The language has become more restrained. The monkeys are better able to grasp the situation and work towards a resolution.
How did this happen? Just by a change of tone.
Control your tone, to control your mind. And then (almost magically), the words you use will be more measured, more meaningful.
This technique is not just for heated confrontations, where the stakes are high.
When you are having an intense back and forth with your manager, monitor your tone…
When you are being asked a difficult (maybe even unfair) question while making a presentation, monitor your tone…
When you are disagreeing with friends over politics, monitor your tone…